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The following key words and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) were used either alone or in combination inflammatory bowel, disease, crohn* ulcerative, nicotine tobacco, smoking, smoking cessation, smoking reduction, tobacco use cessation, electronic nicotine delivery systems, tobacco products, smoker*, vaping, cigarette*, steroid*, azathioprine, biologic*, infliximab, thiopurine*, dilatation, tumor, tumour, necrosis factor, mesalamine, 5 ASA, 5 aminosal, relapse*, recurr*, outcome*, remission, relapse*, recurr*, outcome* and remission. The title and abstract for identified studies were evaluated and studies that did not relate to the research questions of interest were excluded

72 , S365S380 (2023)

The nicotine sulfate salts remaining in the flask after steam distillation were again converted into nicotine molecules by adding 25 mL of 2.00 M NaOH solution according to equation (2): Nicotine was purified by steam distillation

"Ultimately, we'll do whatever we need to do to survive," Kane said

The first clinical trial results of e-cigarettes, reported in the journal BMC Public Health, suggest they may be more effective than traditional NRT products for quitting smoking and may be particularly effective in smokers who lack motivation to quit

8, 2018,), Gottlieb, S