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At the molecular level, bavachin increases the protein expression of PGC-1, SIRT1, nuclear respiratory factor 1 (Nrf1), and mitochondrial transcription factor A (mtTFA) in DKD mice, restores the damaged mitochondrial morphology, enhances mitochondrial biosynthesis, and reduces the number of abnormal mitochondria (Yan et al., 2025)

Research along these lines also tends to suggest that the peptide may interact with the NO-system [nitric oxide system] , providing endothelium protection and angiogenic effect, even in severely impaired conditions

110 Neutrophil recruitment occurs predominantly in postcapillary microvessels in the microcirculation, but has also been observed in the arterial system under pathological inflammatory conditions

doi: 10.1016/j.fm.2014.08.018 23 FilanninoP.CavoskiI.ThlienN.VincentiniO.De AngelisM.SilanoM.et al

Fold changes 1.10 are depicted in blue or red

Front Physiol (2022) 13:1024038