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It has a powerful antioxidant effect, slowing down the aging process of the skin

[DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 9.Asmus KD

(The benefit of vitamin C is that it also functions as an antioxidant, thus neutralizing the free radicals that can lead to more discoloration when left unchecked.) Since acne scars, sun spots, and hyperpigmentation benefit from a multi-pronged approach, you'll also find it alongside niacinamide, which works in a different wayby inhibiting the transfer of melanosomes, or bundles of pigment, to skin's surface, if you want to get nerdy about itto even out skin tone

Together, this combination is highly sought after in research models involving injury recovery, soft tissue repair, and anti-inflammatory studies

For instance, the release of Smac/Diablo into the cytosol ensures the efficiency of caspase 3 in proteolyzing target proteins through inhibition of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs)

For specific pigmentation concerns, see our melasma guide or the pigmentation service overview