- different GST isoenzymes exist in plants Often GSTs are the basis of herbicide selectivity: - crop plants (maize): high GST activity - competing weeds: low GST activity Herbicide detoxification by GSTs Triazines: atrazine, simazine Chloroacetanilides: acetochlor, alachlor, metolachlor Thiocarbamates: EPTC Nitrodiphenylethers: acifluorfen, fluorodifen Sulfonylureas: chlorimuron ethyl Others: chlorfenprop-methyl, metribuzin Transgenic tobacco Transformation of tobacco with a maize gene encoding the GST27 isoenzyme conferred tolerance to chloroacetanilide herbicides (Jepson et al., 1997) Herbicide safeners (antidotes) Wide range of synthetic compounds They increase the herbicide tolerance in crop plants (usually in cereals) Mode of action: Selective induction of GST isoenzymes participating in herbicide detoxification Other toxic GST substrates 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene 4-nitropyridine-N-oxide p-nitrophenethyl-bromide p-nitrobenzyl chloride bromosulfophthalein Classical definition of GSTs: GSTs catalyze the conjugation of glutathione to a wide range of toxic and hydrophobic compounds large isoenzyme family predominantly cytosolic in maize: 1-2% of all soluble proteins endogenous, physiological substrates

Research has demonstrated that specific microbial groups are responsible for producing distinct types of SCFAs
conducted a study that demonstrated decreased protein levels of mitochondrial complexes I, III, and V in T21 brain tissue
Environmental and health concerns over nanofiber production and disposal also demand safer, more sustainable processes and materials [177]
It includes Vitamin C, B-complex, B-12, and Magnesium, enhanced with a double dose of Glutathione for quicker and more pronounced benefits
Re-territorialization and the governance of ocean frontiers in Indonesia