Copper Chelation and Delivery At the most fundamental level, GHK functions as a copper chelator and delivery system - the tripeptide binds Cu with exceptionally high affinity (binding constant approximately 10 M, among the highest known for biological copper chelators), forming a square planar coordination complex where the copper ion is coordinated by the nitrogen atoms of the terminal amino group, the two peptide bonds, and the imidazole nitrogen of histidine
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In two Phase 2 clinical trials covering stasis and pressure ulcers, TB4 accelerated complete wound closure by almost a month in patients who achieved full healing one of the most substantial healing acceleration outcomes documented for a peptide compound in a controlled clinical investigation
Pickarts findings that the complex caused old human liver tissue to synthesize proteins like younger tissue.12 In addition to (or because of) its regenerative properties, research has found that GHK-Cu may be able to:12 14 Reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles Tighten loose skin, improve skin firmness, and reverse age-related skin thinning Promote faster wound healing Lighten the appearance of hyperpigmentation and sun damage Protect skin cells from UV damage Repair the skin barrier Smooth rough skin patches Stimulate collagen production Restore the vitality of fibroblasts (a type of cell that plays an important role in the formation of connective tissue)46 With all of this in mind, it becomes clear why copper peptides have grown in popularity as a milder yet still seemingly effective alternative to harsh actives, such as retinoids, which can often cause side effects like skin redness, itching, burning, and peeling.47 To learn more about GHK-Cu, check out our comprehensive guide to the peptide
